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| Equity Compensation | Equity Compensation 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan
The Company maintains its 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) under which it grants stock-based awards to eligible directors, officers and employees in order to attract, retain and reward such individuals and strengthen the mutuality of interest between such individuals and the Company’s stockholders. The Plan allows to issue and grant 15,125,000 shares.
The Company measures compensation expense for stock-based awards in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). During the twelve months ended December 30, 2023, the Company granted stock-based awards including restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”) and stock options under the Plan. The grant date value of RSUs and PSUs are equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on either: (i) the date of grant; or (ii) the previous trading day, depending on the level of administration required. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur. Any unvested RSUs, PSUs, or stock options are forfeited upon a “Termination of Service”, as defined in the Plan, or as otherwise provided in the applicable award agreement or determined by the Company’s Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. In connection with these equity awards, the stock-based compensation expense was $7.1, $4.1 and $0.1 and the income tax benefit from stock-based compensation was $1.4, $0.9 and $—, for the years ended December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022, and January 1, 2022, respectively.
Restricted Stock Unit Grants
RSUs are subject to a vesting period between and four years. RSUs activity for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 30, 2023 is as follows:
Stock-based compensation expense for RSUs is recognized straight line over the respective vesting period, reduced for actual forfeitures, and included in general and administrative in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income. Total compensation expense related to the above awards was approximately $3.5, $2.4, and $0.1 for the years ended December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022, and January 1, 2022, respectively. As of December 30, 2023, there was an aggregate of $7.8 of unrecognized expense related to the RSUs granted, which the Company expects to amortize over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years.
Performance-based Restricted Stock Unit Grants
PSU awards are based on the satisfaction of the Company’s three-year cumulative adjusted EBITDA. The number of PSUs that become earned can range between 0% and 200% of the original target number of PSUs awarded for the 2022 and 2023 awards. PSUs are subject to a three-year performance cliff-vesting period.
PSUs activity for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 30, 2023 is as follows:
(1) This number excludes 252,923 performance stock units, which represents the incremental number of units that would be issued based on performance results from previously-granted PSU awards.
Stock-based compensation expense for PSUs is recognized straight line over the requisite vesting period, reduced for actual forfeitures, and included in general and administrative in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income. Total compensation expense related to the PSUs was approximately $2.8, $1.2, and $— for the years ended December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022, and January 1, 2022, respectively. As of December 30, 2023, there was an aggregate of $3.2 of unrecognized expense related to the PSUs granted, which the Company expects to amortize over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years.
The above table represents PSUs assuming 100% of target payout at the time of the grant. The actual payout of the 2022 grants will be in a range of —% to 200%, depending on performance results for the three-year performance period from January 2, 2022, through December 28, 2024. As of December 30, 2023, the Company deemed the estimate of the PSUs granted in fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 to be issued at 200% of target, and have reflected such estimates within the share-based compensation expense.
The actual payout of the 2023 grants will be in a range of —% to 200%, depending on performance results for the three-year performance period from January 1, 2023, through December 27, 2025. As of December 30, 2023, the Company deemed the estimate of the PSUs granted in the year ended December 30, 2023 to be issued at 100% of target, and have reflected such estimates within the share-based compensation expense.
Stock Options
Stock options are granted by applying a Black-Scholes valuation model to determine the fair value on the grant date. Stock options are subject to a vesting period of either or four years. Stock option awards typically vest in 33% or 25% annual installments on each annual anniversary of the vesting commencement date for the duration of the vesting period, and expire ten years from the grant date. The principal assumptions utilized in valuing stock options include the expected option life, the risk-free interest rate (an estimate based on the yield of United States Treasury zero coupon with a maturity equal to the expected life of the option), the expected stock price volatility using the historical and implied price volatility, and the expected dividend yield.
A summary of the assumptions used in determining the fair value of stock options for the years ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is as follows:
(1) Expected life is the weighted average of mid-point between vesting and expiry.
(2) The risk-free rate is based on an average of U.S. Treasury yields in effect at the time of grant corresponding with the expected term.
(3) Expected volatility is based on historical volatilities from a group of comparable entities for a time period similar to that of the expected term.
Stock options activity for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 30, 2023 is as follows:
The intrinsic value of each option share is the difference between the fair market value of our common stock and the exercise price of such option share to the extent it is “in-the-money”. Aggregate intrinsic value represents the value that would have been received by the holders of in-the-money options had they exercised their options on the last trading day of the year and sold the underlying shares at the closing stock price on such day. The intrinsic value calculation is based on the $13.05 closing stock price of our common stock on December 29, 2023, the last trading day of 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the intrinsic value calculation is based on the $9.52 closing stock price of our common stock on December 30, 2022, the last trading day of 2022. No options were exercised in the years ended December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022, and January 1, 2022.
Stock-based compensation expense for stock options is recognized straight line over the requisite service period, reduced for actual forfeitures, and included in general and administrative in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income. Total compensation expense related to stock options was approximately $0.8, $0.5, and $— for the years ended December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022, and January 1, 2022, respectively. Total unamortized stock-based compensation expense related to the unvested stock options was approximately $1.9, which the Company expects to amortize over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years. There were no stock options exercised during the twelve months ended December 30, 2023.
Midco - Class B Unit Incentive Plan
Prior to the Business Combination, commencing on March 15, 2018, the Board of Directors of Midco approved the Class B Unit Incentive Plan (the “Class B Plan”), which was a form of long-term compensation that provided for the issuance of ownership units to employees for purposes of retaining them and enabling such individuals to participate in the long-term growth and financial success of Midco.
As a result of the Business Combination, the Board of Directors approved an accelerated vesting for 16,079 units (equivalent to 4,012,873 shares of Company common stock) granted in connection with the Class B Plan, to allow accelerated vesting of the units upon consummation of the Business Combination. The accelerated vesting of Company common stock resulted in $5.2 of non-cash share-based compensation recorded to general and administrative expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the year ended January 1, 2022. Effective June 7, 2021, as a result of the Business Combination, the Class B Plan was terminated.
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